SHOTS - BUILDING MATERIAL & BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
💥 Gypsum is a mechanically formed sedimentary rock.
💥 Quartzite is a silicious rock.
💥 Slate is formed by metamorphic action on shale.
💥 Heavy stone is suitable for retaining wall.
💥 Hard stone is suitable for rubble masonry.
💥 Soft stones is suitable for ornamental work.
💥 Quartzite has most weather resisting characteristics.
💥 A good building stone should not absorb water more than 5%.
💥 Compact sand stone has more fire resisting characteristics.
💥 Weight test is conducted on a stone used in docks and harbours.
💥 Granite stone is best suited for construction of piers and abutments.
💥 Crushing strength of good building stone should be more than 100mpa.
💥 Specific gravity of most of the building stone lies between 2.5 to 3.
💥 Pith-annular rings-heartwood-sapwood - cambium layer-inner and outer bark.
💥 Shisham is hard wood and offer maximum resistance to the white ants.
💥 Star shakes-the radial splits which are wider on the outside of the log and narrow towards the pith.
💥 Chir and deodar yields soft wood.
💥 Mulberry tree used for making of sports goods.
💥 Dry rot caused due to lack of ventilation.
💥 Foxiness caused due to over maturity.
💥 Honey combing caused due to-seasoning.
💥 Strength of the timber is maximum in the parallel direction.
💥 10% to 12% is the moisture content of well seasoned timber.
💥 The age of the tree can be known by annular rings.
💥 1 st class timber has an average life of more than 10 years.
💥 1 st class brick should not absorb water more than 20% when immersed in water for about 24 hours, 22% for 2nd class bricks and 25% for 3rd class bricks.
💥 Crushing strength of 1st class bricks not less than 10.5N/mm^2, 7.5N/mm^2 for 2nd class bricks.
💥 The main function of alumina in brick earth is to impart plasticity.
💥 The percentage of alumina in good brick earth is 20 to 30%.
💥 Excess of alumina in brick earth cause crack and warp on drying.
💥 Excess of silica cause brittleness.
💥 20*10*10 cm is the nominal size of the brick.
💥 19*9*9cm is the standard size of brick.
💥 50 to 60 % silica in good brick earth.
💥 Silica makes the brick to retain the shape.
💥 Kneading –the process of mixing the clay water and other ingredients called.
💥 60 to 70% turn over in clamp burning where as 80 to 90% turn over in kiln burning.
💥 Pug mill used for preparation of clay.
💥 Refractory bricks used in combustion chambers.
💥 The frog of the brick generally kept on the top face of masonry.
💥 500 bricks required for one cubic metre of brick masonry.
💥 Quick lime is calcium oxide.
💥 Hydraulic lime is obtained from burning of kankar.
💥 Lime and silica are the main ingredients of the Portland cement.
💥 C3A is responsible for all undesirable properties of cement.
💥 Le chatelier apparatus is used for testing the soundness of cement.
💥 Vicat apparatus used for testing setting time of cement.
💥 C3A is responsible for intial setting time of cement.
💥 The intial setting time for ordinary Portland cement not less than 30minute.
💥 The final setting time should be 10 hour.
💥 The normal consistency of ordinary Portland cement is 30%.
💥 Early attainment of strength of cement in rapid hardening of cement is due to finer grinding.
💥 After storage the strength of the cement is decreases.
💥 Addition of pozzolana to ordinary Portland cement cause shrinkage.
💥 Gypsum consists of caso4 and H2O.
💥 25mm to 50mm is the slump recommended for mass concrete.
💥 Low heat cement is used in massive concrete structures.
💥 Calcium chloride is the common admixture to accelerate the intial setting time.
💥 The basic purpose of retarder in concrete is to increase the intial setting time of concrete.
💥 Gypsum is most commonly used retarder.
💥 Carbon influences the maximum properties in steel.
💥 Wrought iron is the purest form of iron.
💥 The ultimate tensile strength of steel is 420N/mm^2.
💥 0.25% of carbon in mild steel.
💥 Yield stress is used for identifying the quality of structural steel.
💥 Flemish bond –alternate courses of header and stretcher.
💥 English bond-alternate header and stretcher.
💥 The pressure acting on the stones in stone masonry should be perpendicular to the direction of bedding planes.
💥 Queen closer-the brick is cut into 2 equal parts in length wise.
💥 English bond is provided in masonry for carrying heavy loads.
💥 Slenderness ratio-effective length to least radius of gyration, for masonry walls not more than 20.
💥 The differential settlement in case of sandy soil not more than 25mm.
💥 In case of foundation on black cotton soil the most suitable method is to replace the poor soil.
💥 Grillage foundation is the most economical foundation to transmit the heavy load.
💥 Batter pile is used to resist the horizontal and vertical forces.
💥 0.9m is the minimum depth of the foundation on clay soil.
💥 The bearing capacity of a water logged soil can be improved by draining the soil.
💥 Depth or height of arch-is the perpendicular distance between the intrados and extrados.
💥 Flat roof is constructed where the rainfall is less and temperature is high.
💥 Pitched and sloping roofs are suitable for coastal region.
💥 The maximum number of steps generally restricted is 12.
💥 Sum of tread and rise must between 400 to 450mm.
💥 Minimum width of landing should be equal to width of stairs.
💥 In any good stair case the maximum and minimum pitch is 40* and 25*.
💥 Doglegged stairs are half turn stairs.
💥 Horizontal projection at head and sill called horns.
💥 Revolving door is suitable for entrance in an air conditioned building.
💥 Attrition test determines the rate of wear of stones.
💥 Efflorescence-formation of white patches on the brick surface due to presence of alkalies.
💥 Vanadium steel used in the manufacture of axles and springs.
💥 Neoprene is suitable for bearing of bridges.
💥 To produce low heat cement it is necessary to reduce the C3A.
💥 Timber can be made more fire resistant by sir abel’s process.
💥 Creosote is derived from wood or coal.
💥 Excess of sulphur in steel results in red shortness.
💥 Distemper is used to coat interior surface not exposed to weather.
💥 Putty is made up of powdered chalk and raw linseed oil.
💥 The limit of proportionality is applied more in the case of mild steel.
💥 The compacting factor test determines the workability.
💥 The split tensile strength is 10% to 15%.
💥 The approximate ratio between the strength of cement concrete 7 to that of 28 days is 2/3.
💥 The moisture content of timber is 12%.
💥 0.85P times amount of water is used ofr intial setting time, 0.72P for soundness cement.
💥 Lime mortar is generally made with hydraulic lime.
💥 The texture of sand stone is granular crystalline.
💥 Seasoning of timber is required to remove sap from timber.
💥 The ratio of youngs modulus of high tensile steel to that of mild steel is about 1.
💥 Poly vinyl chloride is thermoplastic material.
💥 High alumina cement is produced by limestone and bauxite.
💥 The optimum number of revolutions required for concrete mix is 20.
💥 Manganese steel used in the manufacture of rails.
💥 Gauged mortar is obtained by adding sand and lime.
💥 1300*to 1500* is the temperature range of cement in kiln.
💥 Before testing setting time of cement one should be test for consistency.
💥 The super plasticizer in a cement paste is disperse the particles, remove air bubbles and to retard setting.
💥 Surkhi is added to lime mortar to impart hydraulicity.
💥 Increase in fineness of cement results in increase in development of strength and leads to higher shrinkage.
💥 The purpose of frog is to form key joint between brick and mortar.
💥 Bricks are burnt at a temperature of 900-1200 degree Celsius.